Political Glossary

Search the words shaping the debate.

Fast, plain-English definitions for political terms, government concepts, election language, and the phrases voters are seeing in live surveys.

144
terms defined
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Featured term
Immigration
Border Security

Border security refers to the combination of physical barriers, surveillance technology, personnel and policies used to control the movement of people and goods across a country's borders. In the U.S., it focuses primarily on the nearly 2,000-mile southern border with Mexico and official ports of entry.

In plain English
It's the mix of walls, cameras, agents and rules used to manage who and what crosses the border.
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Terms starting with "I"
ICE Detention Facility
A facility used by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to hold noncitizens in civil custody during immigration proceedings or pending removal. These facilities are operated by a mix of federal, state, local, and private entities under contract with the Department of Homeland Security.
Immigration
Immigration Court Backlog
The accumulated number of pending cases awaiting resolution in U.S. immigration courts, which are administered by the Justice Department's Executive Office for Immigration Review. The backlog reflects the gap between case filings and the capacity of immigration judges to adjudicate them.
Immigration
Immigration Enforcement Appropriations
Federal funding allocated through congressional appropriations bills to agencies responsible for enforcing U.S. immigration laws, primarily Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) within the Department of Homeland Security. These funds cover personnel, detention facilities, surveillance technology, and removal operations.
Immigration
Impeachment
The constitutional process by which the House formally charges a federal official with misconduct; the Senate then holds a trial on removal.
Congress
Incumbency Advantage
Incumbency advantage refers to the electoral edge that sitting officeholders, particularly members of Congress, tend to have over challengers. It stems from factors such as name recognition, fundraising, constituent services, and favorable district lines.
Elections
Incumbent
The current holder of a political office, especially one seeking re-election.
Elections
Independent Expenditure
Money spent on political communications that expressly advocate for the election or defeat of a candidate but are made without coordination with that candidate's campaign or political party. Under Citizens United, these expenditures cannot be capped.
Elections
Inflation
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises over a given period, reducing the purchasing power of a unit of currency. It is typically measured by indexes such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Economy
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